2024-03-21
definition
IAO:0000233
external
term_tracker_item
true
true
term_tracker_item
term tracker item
IAO:0000700
external
has_ontology_root_term
true
true
has_ontology_root_term
has ontology root term
term replaced by
Rhea list of ChEBI terms representing the major species at pH 7.3.
Term not to be used for direct annotation
Terms planned for obsoletion
AGR slim
Aspergillus GO slim
Candida GO slim
ChEMBL protein targets summary
Drosophila GO slim
GO ribbon for eukaroytic cellular processes
Insecta GO ribbon slim
Generic GO slim
Metagenomics GO slim
Mouse GO slim
PIR GO slim
Plant GO slim
Plant GO ribbon
Fission yeast GO slim
GO subset for prokaryotes
Prokaryote GO ribbon slim
synapse GO slim
Yeast GO slim
label approved by the SynGO project
Systematic synonym
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_scope
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
BFO:0000050
external
part_of
part_of
part of
BFO:0000051
external
has_part
has_part
has part
BFO:0000066
external
occurs_in
occurs_in
occurs in
RO:0002091
external
starts_during
starts_during
starts during
RO:0002092
external
happens_during
happens_during
happens during
RO:0002093
external
ends_during
ends_during
ends during
RO:0002211
external
regulates
regulates
regulates
RO:0002212
external
negatively_regulates
negatively_regulates
negatively regulates
RO:0002213
external
positively_regulates
positively_regulates
positively regulates
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
Wikipedia:Immune_system
biological_process
GO:0002376
Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501).
immune system process
Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
GOC:add
GO_REF:0000022
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GO:0043566
plasmid binding
molecular_function
microtubule/chromatin interaction
structure specific DNA binding
structure-specific DNA binding
GO:0003677
DNA binding
Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
GOC:dph
GOC:jl
GOC:tb
GOC:vw
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15704
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16534
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/20253
krc
2010-10-21T04:37:54Z
GO:0000130
GO:0001071
GO:0001130
GO:0001131
GO:0001151
GO:0001199
GO:0001204
nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity
DNA binding transcription factor activity
gene-specific transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription factor activity, bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription enhancer sequence-specific binding
transcription factor activity, metal ion regulated sequence-specific DNA binding
molecular_function
GO:0003700
Usage guidance: Most DNA-binding transcription factors do not have enzymatic activity. The presence of specific DNA-binding domains known to be present in DNA-binding transcription factors (HOX, GATA etc) should be used to help decide whether a protein is a DNA binding transcription factor or a coregulator. If a protein has an enzymatic activity (for example, ubiquitin ligase, histone acetyl transferase) and no known DNA binding domain, consider annotating to GO:0003712 transcription coregulator activity. Special care should be taken with proteins containing zinc fingers, Myb/SANT and ARID domains, since only a subset of proteins containing these domains directly and selectively bind to regulatory DNA motifs in cis-regulatory regions.
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.
GOC:txnOH-2018
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GO:0000498
GO:0044822
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
base pairing with RNA
molecular_function
poly(A) RNA binding
poly(A)-RNA binding
poly-A RNA binding
GO:0003723
RNA binding
Reactome:R-HSA-203922
Exportin-5 recognizes 3' overhang of pre-miRNA
Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
receptor binding
Wikipedia:Ligand_(biochemistry)
receptor ligand
molecular_function
receptor-associated protein activity
GO:0005102
Where appropriate, also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'.
signaling receptor binding
Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
GOC:bf
GOC:ceb
ISBN:0198506732
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GO:0005478
molecular_function
carrier
GO:0005215
Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules.
transporter activity
Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
GOC:ai
GOC:dgf
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
Wikipedia:Extracellular
extracellular
cellular_component
GO:0005576
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
extracellular region
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
GOC:go_curators
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020
Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
cell nucleus
horsetail nucleus
cellular_component
GO:0005634
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GOC:go_curators
horsetail nucleus
GOC:al
GOC:mah
GOC:vw
PMID:15030757
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010
Wikipedia:Mitochondrion
mitochondria
cellular_component
GO:0005739
Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
GOC:giardia
ISBN:0198506732
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
NIF_Subcellular:sao1720343330
Wikipedia:Endosome
cellular_component
GO:0005768
endosome
A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:19696797
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
Wikipedia:Vacuole
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
GO:0005773
vacuole
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
GOC:mtg_sensu
ISBN:0198506732
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110
Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
ER
cellular_component
GO:0005783
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
ISBN:0198506732
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Golgi
NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436
Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
Golgi complex
Golgi ribbon
cellular_component
GO:0005794
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
Golgi apparatus
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
ISBN:0198506732
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890
Wikipedia:Cytosol
cellular_component
GO:0005829
cytosol
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
GOC:hjd
GOC:jl
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
cellular_component
GO:0005856
cytoskeleton
A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
GOC:mah
PMID:16959967
PMID:27419875
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005887
GO:0005904
juxtamembrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795
Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
integral to plasma membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
GO:0005886
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
ISBN:0716731363
cellular membrane
NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
GOC:mah
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16737
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22258
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/22555
GO:0001121
GO:0006350
GO:0061018
GO:0061022
cellular transcription
transcription
Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics)
DNA-dependent transcription
transcription, DNA-dependent
transcription, DNA-templated
bacterial transcription
transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter
biological_process
GO:0006351
DNA-templated transcription
The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.
GOC:jl
GOC:txnOH
transcription, DNA-dependent
GOC:txnOH
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
lipid metabolism
biological_process
GO:0006629
lipid metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
GOC:ma
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
molecular_function
GO:0008092
cytoskeletal protein binding
Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
GOC:mah
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
biological_process
cell proliferation
GO:0008283
This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms.
cell population proliferation
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
GOC:mah
GOC:mb
Binding to a lipid.
molecular_function
GO:0008289
lipid binding
Binding to a lipid.
GOC:ai
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24835
GO:0016244
regulated cell death
Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death
caspase-independent cell death
non-apoptotic programmed cell death
nonapoptotic programmed cell death
biological_process
PCD
RCD
caspase-independent apoptosis
GO:0012501
Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children.
programmed cell death
A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.
GOC:lr
GOC:mtg_apoptosis
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
GO:0044235
GO:0071842
cell organisation
cellular component organisation at cellular level
cellular component organisation in other organism
cellular component organization at cellular level
cellular component organization in other organism
biological_process
cell organization and biogenesis
GO:0016043
cellular component organization
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
GOC:ai
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
cellular component organisation at cellular level
GOC:mah
cellular component organisation in other organism
GOC:mah
cell organization and biogenesis
GOC:mah
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
EC:1.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
redox activity
oxidoreductase activity, acting on other substrates
molecular_function
GO:0016491
oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
GOC:go_curators
Reactome:R-HSA-1614362
SUMF1 mediates the oxidation of cysteine to formylglycine, producing active arylsulfatases
Reactome:R-HSA-209921
Monoiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-209960
Diiodinated tyrosine can be deiodinated
Reactome:R-HSA-3095889
MMACHC dealkylates RCbl
Reactome:R-HSA-390425
FAR1 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-390438
FAR2 reduces PalmCoA to HXOL
Reactome:R-HSA-5662660
Dopachrome is transformed to DHICA by DCT
Reactome:R-HSA-8878581
TYRP1 oxidises DHICA to IQCA
Reactome:R-HSA-8936442
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds
Reactome:R-HSA-9020249
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9020260
Hydroperoxy reducatse reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(S)-HDHA to RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9024624
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 4(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD6
Reactome:R-HSA-9024630
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S)-Hp-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD5
Reactome:R-HSA-9025007
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7(S),14(S)-diHp-DHA to 7-epi-MaR1
Reactome:R-HSA-9026001
Hydroperoxy reductase reduces 7,17-diHp-DPAn-3 to RvD5n-3DPA
Reactome:R-HSA-9026917
Lipoxygenase dehydrogenates 7(S),17(S)-diHp-DHA to 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9027033
Hydroperoxy reducatase reduces 14(S)-Hp-DHA to 14(S)-HDHA
Reactome:R-HSA-9693722
Unknown sepiapterin synthase transforms PTHP to sepiapterin
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
EC:2.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
molecular_function
GO:0016740
transferase activity
Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1483089
PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2
Reactome:R-HSA-1483186
PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1
Reactome:R-HSA-5668414
TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK
Reactome:R-HSA-8868783
TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
EC:3.-.-.-
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
molecular_function
GO:0016787
hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.
ISBN:0198506732
Reactome:R-HSA-1236938
Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-2029475
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation
Reactome:R-HSA-5694583
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE
Reactome:R-HSA-5695964
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB
Reactome:R-HSA-6786190
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS
Reactome:R-HSA-6788295
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP
Reactome:R-HSA-8938314
ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP
Reactome:R-HSA-8952137
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/19380
EC:6.-.-.-
synthetase activity
molecular_function
GO:0016874
ligase activity
Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.
GOC:mah
synthetase activity
GOC:jh2
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/23112
GO:0006411
GO:0044267
GO:0044268
Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism
cellular protein metabolic process
cellular protein metabolism
protein metabolic process and modification
protein metabolism
protein metabolism and modification
multicellular organismal protein metabolic process
biological_process
GO:0019538
protein metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.
GOC:ma
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
jl
2010-02-16T09:30:50Z
GO:0023046
GO:0044700
biological signaling
signaling process
signalling
biological_process
signalling process
single organism signaling
GO:0023052
Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change.
signaling
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
GOC:mtg_signal
GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11
GOC:signaling
signalling process
GOC:mah
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24390
Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation
biological_process
GO:0030154
cell differentiation
The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
ISBN:0198506732
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GO:0010576
catalytic regulator activity
enzyme modulator
metalloenzyme regulator activity
molecular_function
GO:0030234
This term should only be used in cases when the regulator directly interacts with the enzyme.
enzyme regulator activity
Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.
GOC:dph
GOC:mah
GOC:tb
catalytic regulator activity
GOC:dph
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GO:0016023
NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769
cellular_component
cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle
GO:0031410
cytoplasmic vesicle
A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
GOC:ai
GOC:mah
GOC:vesicles
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
cellular_component
GO:0031967
organelle envelope
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
GOC:mah
GOC:pz
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
GO:0043234
macromolecular complex
macromolecule complex
protein containing complex
protein complex
protein-protein complex
cellular_component
GO:0032991
A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole.
protein-containing complex
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
GOC:dos
GOC:mah
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
bf
2011-08-01T02:45:27Z
GO:0004872
GO:0019041
receptor activity
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
signalling receptor activity
molecular_function
GO:0038023
signaling receptor activity
Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.
GOC:bf
GOC:signaling
receptor activity involved in signal transduction
GOC:bf
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
GO:0032844
GO:0032845
GO:0032846
homeostasis
activation of homeostatic process
inhibition of homeostatic process
biological_process
negative regulation of homeostatic process
positive regulation of homeostatic process
regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0042592
homeostatic process
Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.
GOC:jl
ISBN:0395825172
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
cell process
cellular process
cellular projection
cellular_component
GO:0042995
cell projection
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
GOC:jl
http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/21881
NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038
non-membrane-enclosed organelle
cellular_component
biological condensate
GO:0043228
non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
GOC:go_curators
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
cellular_component
GO:0043233
organelle lumen
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
GOC:jl
GOC:mah
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699
Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse
synaptic junction
mixed synapse
cellular_component
electrotonic synapse
GO:0045202
synapse
The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
GOC:aruk
ISBN:0198506732
PMID:24619342
PMID:29383328
PMID:31998110
mixed synapse
NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497
electrotonic synapse
NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
biological_process
GO:0048731
system development
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
GOC:dph
GOC:jid
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
GO:0051869
physiological response to stimulus
biological_process
GO:0050896
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
response to stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
GOC:ai
GOC:bf
Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24200
establishment of localisation
biological_process
GO:0051234
establishment of localization
Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
GOC:ai
GOC:dos
establishment of localisation
GOC:mah
Binding to a carbohydrate derivative.
pr
2012-08-02T13:03:39Z
molecular_function
GO:0097367
carbohydrate derivative binding
Binding to a carbohydrate derivative.
GOC:pr
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.
bf
2012-07-12T04:05:09Z
carbohydrate derivative metabolism
biological_process
GO:1901135
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.
GOC:TermGenie
carbohydrate derivative metabolism
GOC:TermGenie
BFO:0000062
external
preceded_by
preceded_by
preceded by
BFO:0000063
external
precedes
precedes
precedes
cjm
2012-03-14T10:35:44Z
GOREL:0000040
external
results_in
results_in
This relation is currently used to connect two regulation processes p1 and p2, such that if r1 regulates p1 and r2 regulates p2, and r1 results_in r2 then the regulation of p1 is required for the regulation of p2. For an example of use, see GO:0035958 'regulation of glyoxylate cycle by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'. Note that a precise definition of this relation is under discussion. After it has been formalized it will be added to RO, where it will have a RO ID. Note that the existing identifier and label are subject to change.
results in
GOREL:0001019
external
results_in_division_of
results_in_division_of
use occurs_in
results in division of
GOREL:0002003
external
results_in_distribution_of
results_in_distribution_of
results in distribution of
GOREL:0002004
external
results_in_fission_of
results_in_fission_of
results in fission of
GOREL:0012006
external
results_in_maintenance_of
results_in_maintenance_of
results in maintenance of
RO:0000053
external
bearer_of
bearer_of
bearer of
RO:0000056
external
participates_in
participates_in
participates in
RO:0000057
external
has_participant
has_participant
has participant
RO:0002007
external
bounding_layer_of
bounding_layer_of
bounding layer of
RO:0002008
external
coincident_with
coincident_with
coincident with
RO:0002010
external
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates_in_other_organism
regulates in other organism
RO:0002013
external
has_regulatory_component_activity
has_regulatory_component_activity
has regulatory component activity
RO:0002014
external
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has_negative_regulatory_component_activity
has negative regulatory component activity
RO:0002016
external
has_necessary_component_activity
has_necessary_component_activity
has necessary component activity
RO:0002087
external
immediately_preceded_by
immediately_preceded_by
immediately preceded by
RO:0002090
external
immediately_precedes
immediately_precedes
immediately precedes
RO:0002131
external
overlaps
overlaps
overlaps
RO:0002180
external
has_component
has_component
has component
RO:0002215
external
capable_of
capable_of
capable of
RO:0002216
external
capable_of_part_of
capable_of_part_of
capable of part of
RO:0002220
external
adjacent_to
adjacent_to
adjacent to
RO:0002224
external
starts_with
starts_with
starts with
RO:0002230
external
ends_with
ends_with
ends with
RO:0002231
external
has_start_location
has_start_location
has start location
RO:0002232
external
has_end_location
has_end_location
has end location
RO:0002233
external
has_input
has_input
has input
RO:0002234
external
has_output
has_output
has output
RO:0002295
external
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
results in developmental progression of
RO:0002296
external
results_in_development_of
results_in_development_of
results in development of
RO:0002297
external
results_in_formation_of
results_in_formation_of
results in formation of
RO:0002298
external
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results_in_morphogenesis_of
results in morphogenesis of
RO:0002299
external
results_in_maturation_of
results_in_maturation_of
results in maturation of
RO:0002304
external
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect
causally upstream of, positive effect
RO:0002305
external
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect
causally upstream of, negative effect
RO:0002315
external
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results_in_acquisition_of_features_of
results in acquisition of features of
RO:0002332
external
regulates_levels_of
regulates_levels_of
regulates levels of
RO:0002334
external
regulated_by
regulated_by
regulated by
RO:0002335
external
negatively_regulated_by
negatively_regulated_by
negatively regulated by
RO:0002336
external
positively_regulated_by
positively_regulated_by
positively regulated by
RO:0002338
external
has_target_start_location
has_target_start_location
has target start location
RO:0002339
external
has_target_end_location
has_target_end_location
has target end location
RO:0002341
external
results_in_transport_along
results_in_transport_along
results in transport along
RO:0002342
external
results_in_transport_across
results_in_transport_across
results in transport across
RO:0002343
external
results_in_growth_of
results_in_growth_of
results in growth of
RO:0002344
external
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results_in_transport_to_from_or_in
results in transport to from or in
RO:0002348
external
results_in_commitment_to
results_in_commitment_to
results in commitment to
RO:0002349
external
results_in_determination_of
results_in_determination_of
results in determination of
RO:0002353
external
output_of
output_of
output of
RO:0002355
external
results_in_structural_organization_of
results_in_structural_organization_of
results in structural organization of
RO:0002356
external
results_in_specification_of
results_in_specification_of
results in specification of
RO:0002404
external
causally_downstream_of
causally_downstream_of
causally downstream of
RO:0002405
external
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately_causally_downstream_of
immediately causally downstream of
RO:0002411
external
causally_upstream_of
causally_upstream_of
causally upstream of
RO:0002412
external
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately_causally_upstream_of
immediately causally upstream of
RO:0002418
external
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally_upstream_of_or_within
causally upstream of or within
RO:0002427
external
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally_downstream_of_or_within
causally downstream of or within
RO:0002505
external
has_intermediate
has_intermediate
has intermediate
RO:0002565
external
results_in_movement_of
results_in_movement_of
results in movement of
RO:0002578
external
directly_regulates
directly_regulates
directly regulates
RO:0002588
external
results_in_assembly_of
results_in_assembly_of
results in assembly of
RO:0002590
external
results_in_disassembly_of
results_in_disassembly_of
results in disassembly of
RO:0002591
external
results_in_remodeling_of
results_in_remodeling_of
results in remodeling of
RO:0002592
external
results_in_organization_of
results_in_organization_of
results in organization of
RO:0002608
external
process_has_causal_agent
process_has_causal_agent
process has causal agent
RO:0002629
external
directly_positively_regulates
directly_positively_regulates
directly positively regulates
RO:0002630
external
directly_negatively_regulates
directly_negatively_regulates
directly negatively regulates
RO:0003000
external
produces
produces
produces
RO:0003001
external
produced_by
produced_by
produced by
RO:0004007
external
has_primary_input_or_output
has_primary_input_or_output
has primary input or output
RO:0004008
external
has_primary_output
has_primary_output
has primary output
RO:0004009
external
has_primary_input
has_primary_input
has primary input
RO:0012001
external
has_small_molecule_activator
has_small_molecule_activator
has small molecule activator
RO:0012003
external
acts_on_population_of
acts_on_population_of
acts on population of
RO:0012008
external
results_in_fusion_of
results_in_fusion_of
results in fusion of
RO:0019000
gene_ontology
regulates_characteristic
regulates_characteristic
regulates characteristic
RO:0019001
gene_ontology
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively_regulates_characteristic
positively regulates characteristic
RO:0019002
gene_ontology
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively_regulates_characteristic
negatively regulates characteristic
RO:0040036
external
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure
results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure